Germany has become an attractive educational hub for international students due to its high-quality education, strong economy, and high standards of living. The opportunities provided by the higher education sector make Germany one of the most popular destinations for students seeking undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. With its modern education system, prestigious universities, and affordable living conditions, Germany attracts thousands of students each year who are eager to study there. In this guide, you will find essential information about studying at a university in Germany, from the application process to the cost of living.
Germany’s Education System and Universities
Germany is renowned worldwide for the quality of its education and academic excellence. The German education system is flexible and innovative, designed to enable students to reach their full potential. Primary and secondary education are mandatory in Germany, with every German citizen starting school at the age of six, attending either a Gymnasium or another type of general education school for a certain period. After completing compulsory education, students can choose to continue their tertiary education by attending universities or conservatories.
University education in Germany is highly prestigious and recognized globally. According to the QS World University Rankings, Germany hosts some of the world’s best universities. As of 2022, Germany has three universities in the top 100, eleven in the top 200, and thirty-one in the top 500. Notable institutions include the Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU). These institutions are regarded not only as Germany’s leading centers for research and education but also as some of the most respected in Europe and the world.
Research Universities and Universities of Applied Sciences
German universities are generally categorized into research universities (Universität) and universities of applied sciences (Fachhochschule). Research universities offer students theoretical knowledge and opportunities for an academic career, while universities of applied sciences provide a more practical and industry-oriented education. Additionally, there are specialized higher education institutions focused on creative fields like art, music, and film.
Public and Private Universities
In Germany, there are two types of universities: public and private. Most international students opt for public universities, primarily because these institutions often offer low tuition fees and provide economically feasible education in German. Public universities typically charge a semester contribution fee, while private universities tend to have higher tuition costs.
At public universities, studying in German is generally very affordable, but tuition fees may increase if you opt for a program in English. Various German universities offer English-taught programs, particularly at the postgraduate level, and these programs are available in a wide range of fields. Students can explore the options for English-taught programs across Germany through the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) website.
Private universities, on the other hand, usually have higher tuition fees but offer smaller class sizes, more personalized attention, and an international focus. Tuition at these universities can range from €10,000 to €20,000 per year. However, many private universities offer scholarships and financial aid to help alleviate the financial burden on students.
Requirements for Studying at a University in Germany
International students who wish to study at a university in Germany must meet a set of requirements. The main requirements include gaining admission to a university, proving language proficiency, and obtaining a student visa. Non-European Union (EU) students need a national visa to study in Germany. Students from countries like Canada, Japan, and South Korea do not require a visa but must obtain a residence permit. However, students from non-EU countries such as Turkey must acquire both a visa and a residence permit.
To gain admission to a university, you must apply and meet the specific requirements of the chosen program. Many German universities require an “Hochschulzugangsberechtigung” (HZB), which is a certificate indicating that the student is qualified for university education. For students from outside Europe, passing an exam called “Feststellungsprüfung” may also be necessary to demonstrate the required qualifications.
Language proficiency is critical for studying in Germany. For programs taught in German, students are expected to prove their German language proficiency through exams such as the “Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang” (DSH) or “TestDaF.” For English-taught programs, students whose native language is not English must provide valid TOEFL or IELTS scores.
Some universities offer preparatory classes (Studienkolleg) to help students improve their academic and language skills before enrolling in degree programs. These preparatory classes usually last one year and prepare students for the exam required for university admission.
Cost of Living in Germany for Students
Living in Germany as a student is often affordable, particularly for those seeking a cost-effective education. Public universities are generally free or charge minimal tuition fees, but there are registration and student support fees that must be paid each semester. These fees usually amount to approximately €350 per semester and cover student ID and various discounts for students.
The cost of living in Germany varies depending on the city. In major cities such as Berlin, Munich, and Frankfurt, rent can be higher compared to other cities. According to Numbeo, the average monthly cost of living for a single person in Germany, excluding rent, is around €769. A one-bedroom apartment in the city center costs about €734, while outside the city center, it may cost €552. Sharing an apartment (WG) is a popular way for students to reduce their living expenses.
Daily expenses such as groceries are also affordable for students. The cost of essential groceries in Germany is generally reasonable: one liter of milk costs €0.88, a 500-gram loaf of bread costs €1.32, and a dozen eggs cost €2.28. Other basic items, like bottled water, are also inexpensive, contributing to the overall affordability of living. Public transportation costs are also reasonable for students, with semester tickets providing affordable travel within the city and surrounding areas.
Health insurance is mandatory in Germany, and student health insurance is typically offered at an affordable rate. State health insurance for students costs approximately €110 per month and covers all essential medical services. Some private insurance companies also offer specialized health insurance packages for international students.
Popular Fields of Study in Germany: Business and Engineering
Germany is an attractive destination for students interested in studying business and management. In addition to the prestigious GISMA Business School, there are institutions like the Berlin School of Business and Innovation and the Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, which offer high-quality undergraduate and postgraduate education. These institutions provide rigorous training in international business management, finance, and innovative leadership, equipping students with skills to excel in their fields.
The strong industrial infrastructure and historical success of German engineering also make Germany a desirable destination for students interested in engineering. The Technical University of Munich (TUM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), and RWTH Aachen University are among the top institutions globally recognized for engineering and technology. These universities offer students both theoretical knowledge and strong ties to the industry, providing a significant advantage for their future careers.
Steps to Study in Germany
- Choosing a University: The first step for students wishing to study in Germany is to choose the right university. Many programs are available in both German and English. Most undergraduate programs are offered in German, while English options are more common at the postgraduate level. Resources like the QS World University Rankings and DAAD can be helpful in choosing a university.
- Application Requirements: Before applying, students should carefully review the specific requirements of their chosen program. Academic background, language proficiency, and financial readiness are key criteria. Some programs may also require additional documents such as a motivation letter, reference letters, and a resume.
- Budget and Financial Planning: To obtain a student visa, you must demonstrate that you have access to around €11,000 per year. This can be proven by opening a blocked account (Sperrkonto), which is intended to cover your living expenses in Germany. Scholarships are also available, and Germany offers a wide range of scholarships to students. DAAD scholarships, Erasmus programs, and various foundation scholarships are valuable financial resources for students.
- Application and Admission: The application process in Germany usually takes place twice a year—once for the winter semester (with a deadline of July 15) and once for the summer semester (with a deadline of January 15). It is recommended to complete your application, along with the required documents, before these deadlines. Note that different programs may have different deadlines, so it is essential to verify dates on the university’s official website.
- Visa and Residence Permit: Students from Turkey must apply for a national student visa. This requires the acceptance letter from the university, proof of financial resources, and other supporting documents. Upon arrival in Germany, students must visit the local foreigners’ office (Ausländerbehörde) to apply for a residence permit.
- Accommodation Arrangements: Most German universities do not provide on-campus accommodation. After being accepted, students should look into housing options such as student dormitories, shared apartments, or private rentals. Student dormitories are generally affordable, and it is advisable to apply for these early.
- Health Insurance and Enrollment: Health insurance is mandatory for studying in Germany. Students must choose either public or private insurance and provide proof during the enrollment process. Additionally, documents like a passport, acceptance letter, language proficiency certificates, and proof of semester fee payment are required for enrollment.
- Settling in as a Student: After arriving in Germany, students must register at the local resident’s office (Einwohnermeldeamt). Opening a student bank account can also make financial transactions easier. Germany allows students to work part-time, which helps them support their budget and gain work experience.
Living and Learning in Germany: Final Thoughts
Germany offers international students not only a high-quality education but also rich cultural experiences and diverse perspectives. Studying in Germany is a significant opportunity for personal and professional development, and it provides students with a strong foundation for their future careers. With its affordable educational opportunities and vibrant social life, Germany is a country worth considering for higher education.
In addition to obtaining a degree, studying in Germany offers students cultural enrichment, diverse viewpoints, and the chance to build an international network. This experience can greatly enhance their global job market prospects after graduation. If you are considering pursuing higher education abroad, Germany offers a wealth of opportunities to grow both academically and personally, positioning you for success in an increasingly interconnected world.